THE ROLE OF PROTEIN DEFICIENCY IN THE HEALING OF MANDIBULAR FRACTURES IN RABBIT MODEL

Abstract

Treatment of mandibular fractures still represents a tremendous challenging issue for the maxillofacial surgery due to the biological andbiomechanical conditions that are unfavorable for fracture fixation and bone healing. Calcium and protein are essential building blocks of bones,which are needed in bone healing process.Objective: To investigate the effect of protein diet on the healing phase and inflammatory degree in the healing process of fractured mandible.Methods: Twenty-four skeletally immature male New Zealand white rabbits aged between 3 and 5 months, with a mean weight 2.63 kg ±.35 kg wereused. The rabbits were equally divided into three groups. Group A rabbits were given the rich protein diet; group B rabbits were the control groupand were given a normal diet while group C rabbits were submitted to a restricted protein diet to form the undernourished group. The rabbits in allgroups were subjected to approximately the same transverse fracture created under general anaesthesia in the mandible at the anterior midline. Arabbit from each group was sacrificed weekly for 8 weeks post-operatively. Harvested mandibles of the region of interest were subjected forhistological tissue processing (decalcification and sectioning process). The mandible was carefully dissected from the cranium with conservativedissection of the soft tissues and muscles attached on the mandible around the area of the fracture. The histological study comprised of the fracturesite evaluations were weekly observed and recorded.Results: One-way analysis of variance was used to investigate the differences between the mean of healing stages among the three groups of rabbits.The results showed a significant difference between the healing phase of the ‘Rich Protein’ group compared to the healing phase of the ‘RestrictedProtein’ group.Conclusion: Rich protein diet could accelarte with high quality of the healing process mandibular bone fracture

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