Effect of the Fumes Emitted From Refinery of Haditha City on the Leaves of Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Planted East of the City

Abstract

: The effect of fumes from a refinery on the leaves of some plants cultivated in the east of hadith (where the direction of the refinery fumes) was studied, which is a guide to determine the effect of pollutants on living organisms. Some anatomical changes of okra leaves such as length and width (epidermal cells, stomata cells, stomata pores) and the percentage of chlorophyll in plant leaves have been studied. The results showed a clear decrease in the length of the epidermal cells until it reached the lowest length in the cells of plants grown in the Alos region, where the rate of decrease was 35 micrometers. The width of the leaf cells grown in that region was 18 micrometers, and the decrease in the average size of the epidermal cells led to a decrease in the size of the stomata cells as well. The average width was 3.9 micrometers compared to the comparison plant, as was the case for the size of the stomata pores and the percentage of chlorophyll. The results showed that cultivation in the areas near the source of the fumes increased the decrease in the average size of the stomata pores, the highest decrease was in the Alos area, which amounted to 5.9 micrometers. As for chlorophyll, it increased. The study showed a clear increase in the amount of decrease in its percentage by approaching the source of fumes until it reached approximately 50.2 and this decrease in the percentage of chlorophyll leads as a result to a reduction in plant growth as a result of Decreased photosynthesis.