Integrated Hydrogeological Approach for an Aquifer System and Groundwater Flow, Nukhaib-Km160 Area, Western Iraq

Abstract

The hydraulic characteristics and the hydrogeological conditions of the hydrogeological system at Nukhaib-Km160 were studied within the water-bearing horizons, highlighting the flow system and its effects on the groundwater velocities and its balance (hydraulic gradients and permeability) taking into account the regional situations of structural. Several hydrogeological areas have been selected for future exploitation and development. 3D models and maps of spatial distribution are utilized for interpretation, it is supported by points of hydrogeological controls such as transmissivity and storage coefficients, depth of groundwater, lateral extensions, aquifers thickness, specific capacity, and well productivity. Prediction applications on specific capacities and transmissivity of aquifer and Kimball's statistical method were used to calculate the ratio of groundwater mixing and recharge from aquifers of Umm Er Dhuma and/or Tayarat Fn. to production wells. The hydrogeological system of the Nukhaib- Km160 region has been categorized into eight major aquifers which include the Mulussa, Mulussa-Ubaid, Muhaywir-Ubaid, Hartha, Muhaywir-Najma, Umm Er Dhuma, Tayarat, and Tayarat- Umm Er Dhuma aquifers. Changes in hydraulic parameters for all aquifers have been examined in order to determine the spatial-hydrologic facts of aquifers, where the traditional TDS distribution, in addition to the hydraulic interpretation, shows the same phenomenon of interconnection and the source of groundwater. According to facts of the hydrogeological, the aquifers of Umm Er Dhuma and Tayrat are important and preferred for the plan of the future of water supply in the Western Desert of Iraq, especially for the increased demand for water resources and the sustainability of the assessment.