تاريخ أورشليم القديم وعلاقته بتاريخ الجماعة اليهودية - دراسة تاريخية تحليلية

Abstract

The history of Jerusalem is divided into several eras that follow the ages that Palestine went through it’s ancient history. The history of Jerusalem is an integral part of the general history of Palestine. In ancient history, Jerusalem underwent what Palestine did in terms of political and military situations. Palestine fell under the Canaanite sovereignty, and under the sovereignty of Israelite in the era of the Kingdom of David and Solomon (peace be upon them both). Moreover, the wing of the Kingdom of Judah ruled this this city after the division of the Kingdom of Solomon into the Kingdom of "Northern Israel" with its capital Samaria and the Kingdom of "Judah" in the south. The capital was Jerusalem. The Assyrians invaded the Northern Kingdom in 722 BC. Jerusalem was under severe siege by the king of Assyrian, Sennacherib in 705-781 B.C. within his attempt to invade the kingdom of Judah. King Sennacherib ceased the siege on Jerusalem after receiving the homage from the king of Judah.

The Babylonians took over the rule of Mesopotamia after the fall of the state of Assyria in 612 BC. They began their conquest of the ancient Near East. Therefore, the land of Canaan (now Palestine) fell under the Babylonian invasion and the Babylonians were able to invade Judah in the age of Nebuchadnezzar. The Babylonian king, capturing Jerusalem in 586 BC, destroyed it and burned the temple attributed to King Solomon. People were taken prisoners to Babylon. As a result, the Jews’ relations with Palestine in general, and with Jerusalem in particular, was severed.

Since this city, ancient or modern, had undergone events that made it have a great place in history. It is also considered as one of the holy places where all adherents of all various religions head to; so is found it necessary to shed light on the history of this city, starting from its foundation and ending Destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC. M. Undoubtedly, in spite of the lack or diversity of ancient history sources that shed light on this city and its decline in a single source, the Old Testament, it is necessary to trace the history of this city in the folds of the Old Testament in order to give a clear vision of the issue of Jerusalem.

An issue that presents itself now and to know the extent the credibility of the theory of the Jewish vision, "that Jerusalem is the eternal capital of the Jewish people", a statement which is frankly expressed by the Jewish Prime Minister ,Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem conference , held in a Doha in 2012. The prime minster stated that;