Biochemical characterization of Ferula rutbaensis medicinal plant in iraqi western desert

Abstract

Elk (Alces alces L.) are the largest animals in the deer family and an important commercial and hunting animal in Russia. Since ancient times, elk have offered nutritious meat and valuable hides. For this reason, there are repeated attempts to domesticate elk. However, the domestication of elk and their implementation on farms has not gone beyond experimental farms. This is mostly due to the elk’s digestion's unexplored physiology, including the role of endobiont ciliates. The elk’s diet is very diverse and includes shoots, leaves, the bark of various tree species and shrubs, multiple herbs, rhizomes and the leaves of aquatic plants, and mushrooms. This research aimed to perform a quantitative and specific study of the infusory composition of the digestive tract of European elk, which lives on the territory of the Omsk and Chelyabinsk regions of Russia in connection with habitat, nutrition, and climate. A comparative analysis of the species and numerical composition of symbiotic ciliated protozoa in the stomachs of European elk are presented. The average number of individual species of elk stomach cilia depending on the territory of the animal's habitat and the qualitative and quantitative composition of various parts of the stomach are presented. The dominant genus of cilia in elk is Entodinium, which includes ten species. Entodinium makes up 63% of all protozoa in the rumen of moose in the Chelyabinsk population and 73% in the Omsk population. The ophrioscolecidae family share accounts for 98% of the total composition of cilia in the moose rumen of the Chelyabinsk population and 96% of the Omsk population. No cilia were found in the rennet. The results allow us to assess the prospects for European elk domestication.