Nanobiotechnology Mitigation of Abiotic Stress in Plants

Abstract

There is a growing use of nanotechnology in agriculture, especially in the densely populated countries looking for unconventional sources for feeding their peoples. One of the main concerns considering nutrients application is very low of applied nutrient succeeded in reaching the targeted site, thus the delivered quantity will be much below the required concentration adequate for specific biological activity.Notably, only 20% of the applied nutrients through soil can be uptaken by the plant, whereas the residue either creating stable complexes with soil components or being washed away with water. In both cases, plants will be capable to get advantage only from the minimum limit of the applied nutrients. The nanoparticle-based nutrients have several key advantages over traditional nutrients. Primarily, nanonutrient does not release as fast as the traditional nutrient, hence it will not significantly affect the soil pH due to gradual release. This, in turn, will guarantee a slow and steady release of a specific nutrient that permits plants to continuously take up the nutrient as they grow. Throughout their development, plants face a vigorously shifting in environment conditions falling within either biotic or abiotic factors. Regarding this, nanofertilizers have proven efficiency in reducing the adverse side effects of unfavorable environmental conditions by activating antioxidant enzymes and decreased oxidative processes outputs, primarily reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Although, plants needed micronutrients in small quantities, they still playing a vital role in several metabolic pathways. Even as plants are cultivated in a variety of stressful conditions, nanoparticles (NPs) can be an effective tool for endorsing a protective antioxidant system. Considerable investigations/studies have to be done before decisively determining the biosafety of nanomaterials, as long as their toxic effects have already been demonstrated on many occasions.