Antifungal Evaluation of Iraqi Propolis against Penicillium expansum and Mycotoxin Production in Apple

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate Iraqi propolis to control Penicillium apple decay and toxin production. Three concentration of PEE used in storage experiment for three week, EPP treatment suppress disease expending and maintain apples fruit that treated with 1, 2 and 3% of PEE compared with pathogen treatment, it was 3.64, 3.42, 3.08 , 4.35 cm and 6.03, 5.72, 5.70, 8.53 cm respectively for the 3rd week. Also the depth of molded area was decreased for the treatment 2 and 3% EPP comparison with pathogen treatment by 3.23, 3.00 and 4.07 cm respectively. Results showed that patulin reduced significantly in the 2 and 3% of PEE compared with pathogen treatment only it was 0.50, 0.50 and 1.30 μg/kg respectively, Also reated the apple with EPP showed decrease in citrinin production and accumulation in fruit tissues by 5, 5.83, 4.17 and 9.63 μg/kg for the 1, 2, 3% PEE and pathogen treatment respectively.