THE EFFECT OF BOILED CUMIN SEED EXTRACT (CUMINUM CYMINUM ) AND LEMON JUICE (CITRUS LIMON) ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND AORTIC TISSUE IN MALE RATS EXPOSED TO A HIGH CHOLESTEROL DIET

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of cumin seed extract and lemon juice and to compare their effect with simvastatin on some biochemical parameters and aortic tissue of male rats fed a high cholesterol diet (2% g/kg). Biochemical parameters included estimation of lipid profile levels: Total cholesterol ,Triglycerides, High Density Lipoprotein, Low Density Lipoprotein, Very Low Density Lipoprotein and the immune enzymes, including Interleukin-1 beta and Endothelin- 1. The study included 45 male laboratory Albino rats of the Sprague Dawley breed with weights ranging between 200-250 grams and divided into nine groups, each group included 5 rats for an experiment that lasted for 90 days, including, the first group control, the second group was given a standard diet rich in cholesterol. At a rate of (2% g/kg), the third group was given a high cholesterol diet and boiled cumin seed extract at a concentration of (250 mg/kg), the fourth group was given a high cholesterol diet and lemon juice at a concentration (5g/kg). The fifth group was given a high-cholesterol diet, boiled cumin seed extract (250 mg/kg) and lemon juice (5g/kg) together at the same concentrations, the sixth group was given a high-cholesterol diet (2% g/ kg) and simvastatin at a rate of (10 mg/kg), The seventh group was given the standard diet and boiled cumin seed extract (250 mg/kg), the eighth group was given the standard diet and lemon juice (5g/kg), the ninth group was given the standard diet and boiled cumin seed extract (250 mg/kg) and lemon juice ( 5 g/kg) together. The results showed a significant increase in the biochemical variables, including TC,TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and the immune enzymes IL-1b and ET-1, in the group exposed to a high-cholesterol diet. Groups treated with boiled cumin seed extract and lemon juice showed a decrease in the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C while the group treated with simvastatin showed a significant decrease in the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, V LDLC and immune enzymes. IL-1b and ET-1. Histopathological findings were revealed the aorta of rats in the cholesterol-only group showed an accumulation of a large amount of cholesterol between the smooth muscle fibers with hemorrhage in the endothelial layer, and improvement in the histological picture of the aortic of rats of groups treated with boiled cumin seed extract and lemon juice.