SEQUENCES OF MITOCONDRIAL D-LOOP REGION IN IRAQI PERSONS

Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA is a circular genome placed in the mitochondria. It had 1.1 kbp fragment and named the displacement loop. The using of sequencing technique and then find the degree of variation of this fragment are the aims of study. Geneaid extraction kit was used for extracted the completely genomic DNA, and then amplified the displacement loop region by polymerase chain reaction through specific primers. The PCR products were sequenced and detected variation by using the MEGA7 program. Different polymorphisms were discovered in this region for both blood and muscle samples from Iraqi population. The accumulation of SNPs in D-loop may be associated with ageing. SNPs in D-loop region of blood and muscle samples were identified in this study, and their association with ageing was estimated. The majority of polymorphism were located in D-loop. The nucleotide transition,transversion, insertion and deletion were causes the important variations in nucleotide sequencing. The total number of mutations in blood samples of young individuals was 37 (4.3%) and 48 (5.6%) in muscle samples for same individuals while the total number of mutations in blood samples of older individuals was 667 (78%) and 93 (10.8%) in muscle samples for same individuals. There were high differences in the number of mutations in older people, specifically for blood samples incidence and frequency of mutations were greater than those of younger age groups were. The analysis of genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms in D-loop may help to detect the most important variation in both young and adult Iraqi individuals.