USE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MATERIALS TO REMOVE SOME POLLUTANTS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Abstract

During this work, the root of the Gundelia plant, which is one of the types of nuts, was used to prepare activated carbon with phosphoric acid (H3 PO4 ) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2 ) and used as an adsorbent surface to remove lead ions (Pb+2) and para-phenylene diamine (PPD) dye. It was prepared by using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and showed that it contains many functional groups such as hydroxyl (OH) and carbonyl (C=O). The surface morphology was also diagnosed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and it was shown that the rough surface contains many From pores and gaps, ash content and moisture were measured, and the outer and inner surface area was determined using methylene blue indicator, iodine indicator, and pH at zero charge point (pH pzc) was determined. The effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature, and initial concentration of the adsorbent materials on the percentage of adsorption was studied. The initial concentration of the adsorbents increases the amount of adsorption (Qe), but the percentage of adsorption decreases with the increase in the initial concentration. The adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) were applied. It was found that the adsorption process fully corresponds to Freundlich’s equation and partially with the Langmuir equation. The adsorption kinetics were studied, and it was found that the adsorption follows the equation False second orderThe thermodynamic functions (∆G, ∆S and ∆H) were calculated and it was found that the adsorption process is endothermic as the adsorption increases with increasing temperature and that the adsorption process is spontaneous and accompanied by an increase in randomness, meaning that it is less uniform on the adsorbent surface than it is in the solution and an analytical study was conducted Preconcentration methods include Batch method and the column method to remove small concentrations of ions in large quantities of aqueous solutions