Evaluation of Haptoglobin and Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin in Iraqi Patient with Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is refereed as the kidney injury that occurs in individuals with diabetes, the earliest detectable change is the thickening in the glomerulus. The study objectives to estimate the diagnostic value plasma levels of Haptoglobin (HPt) and neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) as biomarkers for early disclosure of nephropathy in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. The present study was conducted on sixty T2D patients diagnosed beforehand, these patients were categorized into two equal groups according to their albumin/ creatinine ratio (ACR), including patients with normoalbuminuria (I) (ACR<30mg/g Creatinine) and patients with microalbuminuria (II) (ACR=30-300 mg/g creatinine), twenty four healthy were chosen as a control group (III). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hemoglobin (Hb), U.Mic, U.Cr, ACR, HPt and NGAL were measured in the studied groups. NGAL & HP were found to have a strong positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), urine microalbuminuria (U.Mic), urine Creatinine (U.Cr) and (ACR). The present study reveals high significant differences between male and female diabetic patient groups in terms of Hb. In conclusion, a significant role for plasma NGAL and HPt in pathogenesis and progression of renal harm in DM, and a strongly positive correlated with the severity of proteinuria. This may be clinically useful variables for predicting the improvement of DN in the early stages of T2DM in the Iraqi population