صنيف وتقييم حاله تدهور الاراضي ضمن مشروعي ايمن الفرات والصقلاويه وعلاقته الموقع فيديوغرافي باستخدام تقانات المعلومات الارضيه

Abstract

The selected project sits within Al-Saqlawia and Right – Euphrates around Al-Anbar Governorate boundaries because of their characterizing in variety of geomorphological features and secondary physiographical units besides of their agricultural exploitation, and availability in previous semi- detail soil survey reports for the study area, for evaluation the case of lands degradation within different physiographical units with detect causes and methods to processing case of lands degradation which located within Iraqi Mesopotamian plain. Satellite images for Landsat 5 and 7 were obtained from site (USGS Global Visualization Viewer) at path 169, row 37 and TM sensor for year 1985 and 2000 and ETM+ sensor in 2002-2012, the center of the satellite image locates in longitude 33.2N and latitude 43.5E with the total compact spectral binding. Some improvements were done on the multi temporal satellite images to calculate some indices such as: the Simple Ratio-SR(RIN or SR), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI), Infrared percentage Vegetation Index (IPVI), Vegetation Cover (VC%), Brightness Index (BIN), Normalized Differential Salinity Index (NDSI), Salinity Index(SI), Land Degradation Index (LDI), they were used to produce the maps of the studied area by using GIS techniques. By soil surveying and digging 10 test field sites for the study area which represents within the physiographical units for studying environmental sensitivity for desertification (ESAs) and compared it with mentioned in previous soil survey reports. For calculating the environmental sensitivity for desertification. The MEDALUS model is used according to three indexes: SQI, VQI and CQI which they are depend on the number of weighted parameters. Depending on ESAs the study area divided for four classes: Critical with three sub-classes (C1, C2, C3), Fragile with three sub-classes (F1, F2, F3), Potential and Non-effected. The results of the studying are as the following: 1- The studied area classified to two orders based on (USDA,2010) to Entisols about (71.06%) and Aridisols about (28.94%) and the largest sub group level was Typic Torrifluvents about (53.08%) and then Typic hapllosalids about (23.12%), and thenو Vertic Torrifluvents about(17.98%) ,and Typic Haplogypsids about (5.82%) from study area. 2- There was decreased in Moderate degradation areas about 30.17 ha/y and increase in severe and very severe about (10.21ha/y, 16.5ha/y) respectively. a 3- Vegetation degradation area decreased about (18.9 ha/y) at high quality and increasing at Moderate and Low quality about (6.84, 12.05 ha/y) respectively. 4- The quality vegetation index was within moderate quality class common with 57.62% with area 4639.59 ha, low quality class about 31.97% with area about 2574.09 ha and high quality class was the least about 10.4% with area 838.41 ha during year 1985. 5- Environmental Sensitivity Index ESAs (1985) was at Critical class about 75.55%, Fragile 20.71% and Potential was the least 3.74%. Environmental Sensitivity Index ESAs (2012) was Critical 96.26% and Fragile 3.74% from study area. 6- Climate Quality Index was (1.73) at moderate class (Favorable) that range (1.15-181). Aridity index (AI) was 0.498 at semi Aridity class According to Aridity Index. 7- It is possible to use remote sensing data and GIS to use in identify the land degradation and desertification and detecting temporal change in land vegetation cover in addition to mapping the ESAs for degradation and desertification.