To the Council of the College of Administration and Economic Baghdad University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of PH.D. Degree in Accounting

Abstract

Accounting is Science from the Social Sciences is based on a set of principles and rules based on rational justification, which is responsible for providing financial information about the fact of financial position of the entity business, and are therefore subjected to the same philosophical entrances governing other sciences to explain and interpret the nature and the way of progress in science.

This study is consistent with several previous studies which see accounting progressing according to the approach of radical revolutionary, completely as described by a professor of the history of American science Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996) in his book " The Structure of Scientific Revolutions," in which he sees that the progress of science with the open end starts from the stage before the science and followed by the stage of normal science, and then the stage of the crisis when anomaly states that undermine confidence in the Paradigm of natural science are increasing , then the revolution to resolve the crisis through adoption of new Paradigm able to cope with the problems that the former Paradigm from was unable to deal with them .

One of the most important findings of this study is that the progress of accounting within the last hundred years had embodied the steps defined by Kuhn in the private approach in progressing of science, where the international paradigm accounting moved from the form historical cost to the form of the fair value which was culminated in the issuance of standard reporting International financial 13 ( fair value measurements ) and if it has now compared with the local paradigm in Iraq (standardized accounting system) , the size of gap has been continuously widen over time compared with the previous Iraqi studies which carried out similar comparisons, because of the stability in the local paradigm and its inability to accommodate environmental change while the change and development on the other side continued. These results paved the way for introducing recommendation in necessity to change local paradigm and replaced it thoroughly by the paradigm of international accounting, being unable to achieve the goals that accounting founded for them ( providing useful information ) in the current environment conditions making use of the experiences of several countries that have passed similar circumstances and with deliberate manner in cooperation with the international professional bodies