Using remote sensing and GIS for observation Land use land cover Changes and quantifying arable land loss in Penang Island – A case study of Balik Pulau

Abstract

Urban development caused by economic growth in Malaysia during the past few decades has had a significant impact on natural and arable lands. This phenomenon has become a main concern for both planners and urban managers. Penang Island, as an example, has different urban development features, which probably results from the high economic growth at the state. However, the island is characterized by limited open space because 50% of the island is mountainous. Flat areas are generally used for urban development to satisfy the demand for housing and other infrastructures. This study evaluates urban development pressures by observation land use land cover changes and quantifying arable land loss in Balik Pulau, Penang. Land sat TM data between 1992 and 2002 at a resolution of 30 m are used. GIS analysis is used to monitor the conversion of arable land to built-up areas. The results indicate that large proportions of farmland and grassland had been converted to built-up areas over the 10-year period. Specifically, urban areas increased from 1793.22 ha in 1992 to 3235.38 ha in 2002, while agricultural land decreased from 6171.32 to 4727.83 ha during the same period. Urban land expansion has been largely driven by elevation, population growth , economic development, Road Networks and land value Rapid urban expansion through infilling of low-lying areas and clearing of vegetation resulted in a wide range of environmental impacts, including habitat quality. Further studies need to be undertaken to ensure that urban development does not produce negative consequences to society, space, and the environment