دراسه تغيرات الانظمه البيئيه لبعض المناطق المتاثره بمخلفات مصانع المواد الانشائيه في محافظه الانبار

Abstract

To study the variations in ecosystems of surrounding area for some construction materials factories in the Anbar, s province. three cement factories Chosen they were Fallujah, kobiesa and Qaim, addition to three factories for plaster production fall within areas of Fallujah, Ramadi and Heet. Mindful when we chosen that all sites physiographical within broad physiographic region (Desert - Northern desert) and within secondary physiographic unit (Lower wadian plain). After obtaining the aerial photographs of selected manufacturing sites for the study. Semi-detailed survey using the interaction transect method (Points method). During it identification spaces were fixed at constant spaces from factory. Which included four tracks. In the filed everysampling points fixed physiographical using GPS technology. Then pedon location defined after augers investigation at every modeling site for not affected by factories emissions areas. In addition to getting surface samples (0-15cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) by anger in the affected areas with factory emissions by Grid method. Every modiling points fixed at field by GPS technology. To profit for geotechnical maps drawing for every location using the Arkmap technology. Some soil physical and chemical properties were estimated, addition to total oxidies content by X ray technic, and total content of heavy metals Cr, Cd,Ni, Pb and Fe and accounting Igeo index, with identifying plant species and some special parameter at each site to determine the environmental impact of these plants in the surrounding ecosystem. The ETMT image for year 1985 and 2011 was explained for every study location to determine the variations in the affected area by every plant emissions. Results of the study showed the following:- 1-The interpretation of satellite images to study sites indicated the presence of heterogeneity in the area of land affected by factories emissions with time and nature of manufacturing, Tt showed superior to the effect of cement plants in compared to plaster plants, with more than a Kobiesa cement factory on the manufacturers of Fallujah and Qaim cement plants in terms of impact in 2011, which increased of 600%, 300% and 119.1%, respectively compared diagnosed spaces in satellite images of 1985. While the highest impact to plaster plants may recorded at Fallujah Plaster factory, followed by Heet and finally Ramadi plaster factory. 2- soil classification for these location were within the series 123CKW, 123CCW and 112CCW for cement factories Fallujah ,Kobiesa and Qaim respectively. Within the series 122CKW and 113XXW and 112CKW for to Plaster factories Fallujah, Ramadi and Heet respectively. All these diagnosed soil series has been weak developed pedological, because of the parent material nature the limestone and gypsum that clay movement with higher level in the soil.