تاثير اضافة المادة العضوية وبعض اللقاحات الميكروبية في فطر Rhizoctonia solani

Abstract

Azotobacter and T. harzianum were isolated and identified to be used individually or together with an interaction with the organic fertilization and studying their effect on limiting the effect of Rhizoctonia solani that cause stem spotting and black crust of potato crop (Solanum Tuberosum) , in tow experiments , the first was pots experiment while the second was field cropping on. Factorial experiment (2*2*4) under the CRD was applied for the pots experiment, and under the RCBD for the field one in triplicates. Significant differences of means was compared using LSD , after SAS, 2004 software was used for this statistical endeavor . Results could be outlined as: Organic matter application had a positive role in all the studied properties , where weight , size of tubers were high in both field and pots experiment (5106 ton /H , 413.04 gm/pot without O.M was 33.12 ton /H, 230.12 gm/pot ) respectively. Also , plant height was 111.67 cm and 95.60 , without O.M was66.12 and 73.57cm in field and pot experiments respectively , besides increasing the numbers of A. chroococcum and T. harzianum (3.53 *106 , 4.5* 105 with control was 1.87*106 ,1.54*105 ) and (2.02 *106 and 4.33 * ,with control was 0.98* 106 ,1.36*105 ) CFU/gm dry soil in field and pots experiment respectively . It also increased the activity of Kytenase , amylase , cellulase. (1.34,3.02,2.18) and (1.33,2.78,2.02) ml.unt ,while with control (0.93,1.46,1.12)and(0.85,1.47,1.05) ml.unt in both field and pots experiments respectively. Organic matter application led to decrease the rate of infection in stems and tubers down to (4.74, 3.74) and (4.78, 4.97) with control was (21.35, 17.89)and(4.78, 4.97) in field and pots experiments. Besides the degree of infection was ( 0.77 , 0.76 0 and ( 0.90, 0.77 ) with control was (1.21,1.15)and(1.15.1.17) respectively microbial inoculations had a positive effect in all the studied soils , treatment of mixture of of Bacterial and fungal ( A. chroococcum + T. harzianum) gave the best results in highest amount of yield and plant heights in bolt field and pots experiment where they ranged from ( 45.09 tan.h-1and 94.17cm) and 325.75 gm/ pot and 71.04cm ) while in control it was (39.33tan.h-1 ,84.50cm)and(269.58 gm.pot-1 ,62.40cm)respectively esides the increase of the enzyme activity of microorganisms where the activity of ky tenase , analyse and cellulose were ( 1.26, 2.93 and 2.05 )unit. Ml-1 , and ( 1.27 , 3.04 , and 1.89 ) unit. Ml-1 and without microbial inoculations it was(0.93,1.62,1.25 and 0.78,1.56,1.89) unit. Ml-1 in the field and pots experiment respectively . this treatment positively affected in decreasing the infection rates of stems and tuber in both experiment where it was ( 0.71) . Also, it increased the number of A. chroococcum and T. harzianum Rhizoctonia Solani pathogen had a negative effect on all studies properties, where it led to decrease the yield of tubers, plant heights and and in the field and pots experiments, Interaction treatments of Organic matter and microbial inoculation gave positive results for all the studied properties, the best treatment was the interaction (+OM, M1+M2) where heights of plants, weights of tubers, A. chroococcum and T. harzianum density, Kytenase, Amylase, and cellulase enzymes activity were increase while it decreased the intensity and degree of infection of stems and tubers down to (118cm, 54.24tan.h-1, 5.67*106 , 9.16*106 , 1.5 unit. Ml-1 , 4.13 unit. Ml-1 , 2.84 unit. Ml-1 ) respectively. Degree and intensity of infection of stems and tuber were 0.71 in the field experiment, while they were (100.25cm, 435.33gm.pot, 4.19*106 , 8.69 *105 cfu, 1.53 unit. Ml-1 , 4.06 unit. Ml-1 , 2.64 unit. Ml-1 ) and the intensity and degree of the stem and tubers infection were (0.71) respectively. In the tri-interaction of Organic matter, microbial treatments and the Rhizoctonia Solani, the treatment (-R,M1+M2,+OM) gave the best results in all treatments while the heights of plants, weights of tubers, and A. chroococcum and T. harzianum numbers have increased, besides the increase in Kytenase, Amylase, and Cellulase activity. It also decreased the intensity and degree of infection of stems and tubers to a lowest values in the field experiment (117.67cm, 54.00, 5.13 *106 , 9.08 *106 , 1.62 unit. Ml-1 , 4.54 unit. Ml-1 , 2.84 unit. Ml-1 ) and (0.71) for the treatments of stems and tubers degree and intensity of infection. The treatment (Co,+R,-OM) has given the lowest values of all the studied properties. Protein analysis data in plant leaves showed two protein molecular weight band (32.00 , 29.00KD ) in Rhizoctonia solani , one protein molecular weight band (38.00 KD ) in A. chroococcum treatment , three protein molecular weight bands (38.00 , 40.00 , 42.00 KD ) in Triohoderma + A. chroococcum ) treatment , while there was no band appeared in control or safe plant treatments