التأثير المتداخل للرش بالحامضين الدباليين ) الهيومك و الفولفك ( وطريقة التسميد البوتاسي في نمو وحاصل البطاط

Abstract

To investigate the influence of foliar application with humic and fulvic acids extracted from wheat straw compost, with and without potassium fertilization on the growth and the productivity of potato crop. Two field experiment were conducted in Abu Ghrib region / west of Baghdad by planting potato tubers at 14/9/2010 in Autumn season in silty loam soil classified as Typic Torrifluvent. Both experiments were layed Spilt-Spilt plot Design using RCBD with three replicates using. The first, experiment involved 12 tretment result from integrated three factors, The main factor was two levels for land potassium fertilizer application 0 , 400 kgK. h -1 (KL0,KL1) , The sub factor was two levels for foliar potassium fertilizer 0, 3000 mgK. L -1 (KS0,KS1). The sub-sub factor was three levels for foliar humic application 0,100,200 mg. L -1 (H0,H1,H2). The second experiment included the same factors mentioned above except replace humic acid with fulvic acid at the same concentration have the symbol F0, F1, F2 . Tape drip irrigation was used for both experiment . Treatment Means were compared according to L.S.D. test at 5% significant level. First experiment refers to: Application of humic acid without potassium fertilizer application caused significant increased at most of parameters used and there is no significant differance between H1 and H2 in general. Humic acid application with potassium fertilizer has surpass over control treatment in follow parameters : plant height leaf area, dry weight of leaf, tuber number ,total tuber yield, tuber dry matter and starch, quantity of nitrogen and potassium that uptake in the tubers and fertilization efficiency at the rate 9.51, 9.51, 5.5., 9.55, 255, 9251, .55, 15., 9555, 9151 % respectively compared to control. Soil application of potassium caused significant increasing for most characteristics measured compared with foliar application . The interaction between of the study factors were significant at most of measurement characteristics. The treatment H2XKS1XKL1 gave the highest results at the plant height, dry weight for leaf, total tuber yield, tuber dry matter, potassium cotant in the tuber and uptake were: of potassium that absorption in the tubers 21511 , .111, .1591, 9159., 555.1, b 92151% respectively compared to control H0XKS0XKL0 which gave .25.1 cm, 4687 kg.ha-1 , 34.73 ton.ha-1 , 15.15%, 1.827, 96.0 kg.ha-1 respectively. The increasing were: 22.7, 27.6, 24.2, 8.5, 22.8, 74.0% respectively. The Treatment H1XKS1XKL1 gave the value 7344 cm.plant-1 11.21%, 1.330%, 3.88%, 24.55% for the characteristics starch contant, tuber protien contant, potassium in leaf, fertilization efficiency respectively compared to that of control H0XKS0XKL0which gave 5827, 9.51, 1.070, 2.62, 0.0 respectively with increase 26.0, 17.9, 24.3, 48.0, 7.7, 24.6 % respectively. Potassium use efficiency mean was increased from 34.76% to 61.04% at the level H1 (100 mg. L -1 ) and to 64.25% at the level H2 ( 200 mg. L -1 ) second experiment refers to: Application of fulvic acid without potassium application caused significant increased of the most parameters used and there is no significant differance between F1 and F2 . Fulvic acid application with potassium has surpass over control treatment in follow parameters : the plant height, leaf area, dry weight of leaf, tuber number ,total tuber yield, tuber dry matter contant , starch and protein contant in the tuber, yield of nitrogen and potassium uptake in the tubers and fertilization efficiency at rate 91.., 59.., 51.1, 5.1, 91.5, ..1, 5.1, 9.., 95.., 91.., 22.6 % respectively Soil application of potassium caused significant increasing the most characteristics measured compared with foliar application . The interactions between of the study factors were significant at most of measurement characteristics. The treatment F2XKS1XKL1gave the highest results at the plant height, leaf area, total tuber yield, tuber dry matter and starch contant in the tuber, potassium contant and uptake in the tubers and nitrogen uptake in the tubers and fertilization efficiency were 71..1 , 1.92, 17.77, 11.8., 55511, 915.9, 79.2, 30.44 % as compared to control F0XKS0XKL0 which gave .7.31Cm ,5917 cm .plant-1 , 34.53 ton .ha-1 , 15.69%, 9.70%,1.807%, 95.7kg.ha-1 , 61.3 kg.ha-1 ,0.0 respectively. With increase 24.8, 25.3, 30.2, 13.3, 22.2, 23.4, 86.1, 61.3, 11.6, 30.4% respectively. Potassium use efficiency was increased from c 36.50% to 76.08% at the level F1( 100 mg. L -1 ) and to 85.67% at the level F2 ( 200 mg. L -1 )