ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS OF MAIZE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY USING MOLECULER MARKER (RAPD)

Abstract

Abstract The objective of the extent to single hybrid or more than distinct of maize ,under different plant population and relationship study between fingerprint , heterosis and effects GCA,SCA .A field experiment was conducted during spring , fall 2012 and spring ,fall season 2013 . Ten inbred line of maize (BK164 , BK147 , BK129 , BK128 , BK127 , BK121 , BK115 , BK110 , BK110 , BK105 , BK104) were included in this study. Were superior in yield and some agronomic characters . So selected and used in full diallel cross hybrids and the two cultivars of maize ( Buhoth 106 and 5018 ) were grown at one location in the city of Anbar by using Randomized Complet Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in order to estimate hybrid vigor , specific combining ability, and some of other genetic parameters . The results were showed in three seasone , parent lines and their crosses were significanty different in all characters . In full season of 2012 and 2013 .The crosses BK164 X BK104 , BK147 X BK115 , BK128 X BK110 and reciprocal cross BK115 X BK164 produced grain yield (229.1 , 245.8) , (211.9 , 229.7) , (206.6 , 210.7) , (217.7 , 238.9) gm.plant-1 respectively .While in spring season sines the reciprocall cross BK115 X BK129 produced grain yield 207.9 , 205.8 , 202.9 , 200.7 gm.plant-1 respectively . The results showed that cytoplasm effect are significanty different in all the characters in this study. Genetic analysis showed that mean squares of GCA and SCA for diallel cross and reciprocal crosses are significanty different in all characters , GCA and SCA (diallel and reciprocal ) were significanty effected in all characters , The parent BK104 , BK129 , BK115 , BK164 and BK128 showed best combination effect .The ratio of σ2gca/σ2sca were less than one in all characters degree of dominance for diallel crosses of all seasons is more than one in all characters except number of plant yield and leaf area . Ratio σ2gca/σ2rca were less than on in all characters degree of dominance for reciprocal cross is more than one in all characters except leaf area number of grain per row and grain yield spring seasone 2013 . In three seasone in narrow séance was low in all characters except plant heighr , leaf area , kernel number per row 300 , seed weight and plant yield in reciprocal cross . All characters in flated by non additive gene . RAPD DNA markers were used to evaluate trends in genetic diversity among 10 0f inbred line .All of the RAPD primers used for initial screening were found to be polymorphic . A total of 108 DNA fragments were generated by 11 random decamer primers with an average of 10.7 per primer ranged .The number 0f amplified fragments produced per primer ranged from 5 for OPAV-03 primer to 17 for OPAW-10 , from with molecular size ranged from 160 bp to 1800 bp . The total number of polymorphic fragment and the percentage of polymorphism were ( 74 , 62.7 %) respectively. Maximum level of polymorphism was 80% 0bserved for the primer OPAK -15 while Primer OPAW -11 showed the lowest percentage of polymorphism . Maximum level of primer efficiency and ability distinction was 14.1 % , 17.1 % respectively . Based on the bivariate (1 -0) data and genetic similarity with the used of UPGMA cluster method , the dendrogram separated the studied populations in to A and B . Cluster analysis which compared between inbred lines in to dendrogram . Showed BK104 high genetic diversity was high genetic diversity between BK104 and BK164 . Genetic similarities computed by Nei and Li,s similarity coefficient revealed that the highest estimate (0.839) was observed between inbred line BK164 , BK147 . Mean while the lowest genetic similarity between inbred line BK104 , BK128 and BK104 , BK164 (0.377 , 0.396) respectively . Results indicated that DNA molecular markers were highly efficient in delecting the purity and genetic relationship among maize . …………………………………………………..........…inbredline