Green Synthesis of Zinc and Nickel Oxides Nanoparticles and Study of their Biological Applications

Abstract

Nanotechnology has recently emerged in many applications, including medical use. It provides alternatives to the development of controlled release systems for the treatment of different diseases and reduces drug side effects. Nano-biotechnology Focuses on nanoparticle synthesis and their application. It plays an important role in carcinogenic treatment. In addition, many species of pathogenic bacteria have developed high resistance to the commercial anti biotics, thus, nanomaterials can be used to prevent their growth. The grape extract is rich in phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants, which are capable for reducing of metal salts. The phytochemicals found in grape extract have high therapeutic benefits, making them an attractive alternative to traditional toxic reducing agents. In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by the green method from aqueous grape extract (Vitis vinifera) to generate multi-functional metal oxide nanoparticles. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the efficiency of ZnONPs and NiONPs in vitro for destroying of human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) and human brain cancer cell line (AMGM5), as well as the effectiveness of these nanoparticles in suppressing the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. To characterize and examine the zinc and nickel oxides nanoparticles, physical diagnostic techniques were used such as UV Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron IX microscope (TEM) which demonstrated that these nanoparticles have unique chemical and physical properties. The anti-cancer properties of ZnONPs and NiONPs were determined against human MCF7 and AMGM5 cell lines by using the cytotoxic MTT assay. The anti bacterial properties were also identified against S. aureus (G + ) and K. pneumonia (G - ) by using an agar well diffusion assay and MIC assay., biosynthesized nanoparticles have shown high efficiency as anti cancer and anti-bacterial agents in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the green biosynthesis of ZnONPs and NiONPs from aqueous grape extract (Vitis vinifera) gave in sight and encouraging preliminary results for future work to be used in the therapeutic approach as an anti-cancer and anti microbial medications