Preparation of magnetic graphene oxides composite with some nanometals and use them as antibacterial agents

Abstract

Nanotechnology has recently appeared in many applications including medical use. The use of nanomaterials in medicine is being developed in order to improve social well-being. The use of nanomaterials in the delivery of oncology drugs within the body is a major advance because this new treatment method can provide a safe treatment. It is effective by using many nanomedicines in the treatment of cancer cells without applying harmful and destructive therapies, the applications of nanomaterials in the field of nanomedicine is the use of nanomaterials to carry the anti-tumor reagent into the blood vessels. The graphene oxide was prepared by the Hummer method, which included the oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide at room temperature of 25 °C. The X-ray diffraction results showed that graphene oxide has a nanoscale size between 15.63 -39.08 nm compared to graphite, which has a nanosize between 27.91- 113.4 nm, and nickel composites of up to 34.17 nm were obtained in spherical shapes with different concentrations of metal salt, while the rate of grain size was Iron with a range of 29.55 nm, of different concentrations and in spherical shapes, and an average grain size of cobalt composites of 69.51 nm in spherical shapes and transparent, thin and fluffy sheets was obtained through scanning electron microscopy technique. X-ray diffraction was also used to study the crystal structure of graphite, graphene oxide and the prepared nanocomposites, where the X-ray diffraction spectrum showed crystalline peaks at different angles and the average particle size of graphite was 53.35 nm and the average particle size of graphene oxide 18.03 nm and the average particle size of iron, cobalt and nickel composites respectively 18.04, 17.78, 18.79 nm. The percentage of elements in the samples was measured using Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis(EDX), where we noticed a change in the carbon ratios after the oxidation process of graphite (G), and the weight percentage of carbon in graphite was 86.3% and the percentage of oxygen was 9.2%, which decreased in graphene oxide oxide (GO) to 75.4% for carbon and a high percentage of oxygen to 15.6% as a result of the oxidation process that occurred at high rates, which confirms the transformation of graphite into graphene oxide and we note the appearance of some impurities resulting from the adsorption of non-reactive materials. Infrared spectroscopy showed the appearance of a band at 1716 cm-1 that belongs to the carbonyl group C=O, which indicates the formation of graphene oxide and a wide and overlapping band at 1186 cm-1 , which belongs to the (COC) epoxy group, and the concentration was measured by a flame atomic absorption device Flame Atomic absorption spectrum (FAAS) for solutions of nickel, iron, and cobalt compounds with different concentrations of (10-50) ppm to know the concentrations of the remaining metals after the sonication process and to ensure the formation of compounds and to know the best concentration used in the preparation. The biological effect of graphene oxide and composites of nickel, cobalt and iron on four types of bacteria was also studied, and these isolates were subjected to a sensitivity test using three antibiotics. (Gentamycin, Fucidin, Amoxicillin) on the four isolates of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinatobacte baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonia and showed good efficacy with the cobalt composites as it was the most inhibited compared to the rest of the compounds in synergy with the anti-amoxicillin in the total Staphylococcus aureus, and with the Staphylococcus aureus. pulmonary; Because cobalt CoO/GO nanocomposites increase the permeability of the bacterial cell wall and significantly increase the adsorption capacity. The bacterial activity was tested on the most virulent and resistant to antibiotics isolates, and the test method was done using Muller Hinton agar (MHA) culture medium to test the concentration effect of each of the compounds and graphene oxide. The growth of the causative being fungal or viral, or that some of them require special development conditions.