Study the Correlation of Galectin-9 and Interleukin-33 with some Biochemical Variables for Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in AL-Fallujah City

Abstract

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a common disease that leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis. Main aim of this study is to determine serum levels of Galectin-9 (Gal-9) and Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and explore the possible association that might present between them in CHB patients in AL-Fallujah City. Eighty subjects were included in this study, they were divided into two groups; controls group which involved 40 persons (20 males and 20 females), and patients group involved 40 patients (20 males and 20 females), the sample collection has been attended the Fallujah teaching hospital and some private laboratories in Al-Fallujah city, for the sampling period was from September 2020 to January 2021 and the ages of all subjects was ranged from 20-55 year. Serum levels of Gal-9 and IL-33 were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. However, color enzymatic methods were used to determine liver enzymes for specific variants of viral hepatitis. The results showed high serum levels of Gal-9 (pg/mL) with significant differences in CHB patients (P < 0.0001) than in control group. The serum levels of IL-33 (ng/mL) was significantly higher in CHB patients (P < 0.0001) in comparison with control, also the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin and albumin were significantly higher in CHB patients than controls (P < 0.001), while the serum levels of globulin decreased slightly in the patients group in comparison to the controls group (P < 0.001). The study also revealed that, there were no significant differences in serum levels of TSP in both groups (P = 0.77). The current study showed that the correlation for Gal-9 with IL-33 is very strongly positive (r = 0.919), strong positive correlations were noticed of Gal-9 with T.BIL (r = 0.731), ALT (r = 0.725) and also II positive correlations with AST (r = 0.683), D.BIL (r = 0.656), IN.BIL (r = 0.650), Albumin (r = 0.581), ALP (r = 0.468), BMI (r = 0.323). However, negative correlation was notice with Globulin (r = -0.563) with p-value less than 0.05 for all these parameters. In addition to no correlation was observed between Gal-9 with DBP, W/N, ROP, W/T, SBP, age, W/H and TSP . The correlation between IL-33 with variables being studied was as following: very strong positive correlations were noticed with Gal-9 (r = 0.919) and strong positive correlations were noticed of IL-33 with T.BIL (r = 0.743), ALT (r = 0.729). Also positive correlations with D.BIL (r = 0.680), IN.BIL (r = 0.647), AST (r = 0.644), Albumin (r = 0.530), ALP (r = 0.426), BMI (r = 0.254) while negative correlation with Globulin (r = -0.513) with p-value less than 0.05 for all these parameters. However no correlation was noticed between IL-33 with DBP, W/N, ROP, age, W/T, TSP, SBP and W/H. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the following descending arrangement which illustrates the differential ability between patients and healthy controls for the variables studied, Gal-9, IL33, ALT and AST (1), T.BIL (0.9588), Albumin (0.922), D.BIL (0.9197), IN.BIL (0.9084), Globulins (0.8559), BMI (0.7894), ALP (0.7678), W/T (0.7079), W/H (0.6294), DBP (0.7285), W/N (0.5668), TSP (0.5644), ROP (0.5614), SBP (0.5232), Age (0.5138). It was concluded that low serum levels of Gal-9 and IL-33 are pathological factors and may be used as an indicators for diagnosis and prediction of CHB occurrence.