Fuel Production and Calcinated Carbon from Plastic Wastes by Using Catalysts and Nano Catalysts

Abstract

Two different vacuum thermal degradation processes of plastic waste materials: Poly Propylene (PP) , Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE)and polyethylene terphthalate (PET) were conducted with hom-emade thermal degradation arrangement. The two processes used (1)bulk metal particles and metal oxides (Fe,Ni,Fe2O3,NiO,CaO), (2)metal nano particles (Fe and Ni) as catalysts supported on feldspar clay, respectively. Depending on experimental results and physical features, were neglected the wastes of (PET) and CaO catalyst neglected because of their bad results . The outcomes for both processes showed the presence of different products like liquid, wax, gas, and carbon. Our characterization focused on the liquid product and some other physical properties of other products. The produced liquid was characterized by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and Gas chromatography (GC) .The octane number, cetane number, flash point, fire point, aniline point and some physical properties were also measured. This mutations in characterizes and physical feature, refer to transform a huge quantity from plastic waste to produce more useful from forms where it shaped as waste . Different chemical compounds were formed as shorter chains (wax) , light compounds (liquid) and little amounts from lighter chemical composition (gas) . The liquid produced has good features to be used as fuel, caused by low in some physical characterizes and high in others .This is an evidence to form light chemical compounds which have aromatics property and high molecular weights. A low residual quantity of carbon was produced by using nano catalyst which has high purity, high quantity of carbon content and thermal energy. All above results and characteristics indicated that the process with catalyst metal nano particles produces liquid with much better properties compared to the other results have used bulk metal particles catalyst.