Testing of Several Newly Derived Genotypes of Durum Wheat Triticum durum Under Different Seeding Rates and Selecting the Appropriate of it

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in a farmer’s field in the ( Zakhikha ) area, which is one of the rural areas west of Heet District (about 15 km) of Anbar Governorate, during the 2020-2021 season , with loam sand soil, to test five newly derived genotypes from durum wheat, Including cultivars. which are registered, accredited, and commonly cultivated in Iraq, under three different seeding rates to select the ones that appropriate for it The experiment applaied according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), arranged in of split-plots with three replications. It included: seeding rates (140, 160 and 180 kg.ha-1) occupied the main plots. As for the sub plots, they were occupied by the seven genotypes (Letitia, genotype Babel-30, genotype Babel-31, genotype Babel-32, genotype Babel-86, and the two approved varieties Dor-29 and Dor-85). Growth traits, yield and some genetic parameters have been studied The results of the study showed the following -: 1-The genotypes varied significantly among themselves in most of the studied traits, where the genotype (Babylon-32) outperformed with the highest average number of tillers (573.3 m2), number of spikes (507.6 m2), grain yield (8.741 mmg ha-1) and biological yield (22.94 Mc ha-1) The percentage of protein (12.18%). While the genotype (Babel-86) outperformed in the plant height (113.02 cm) and the 1000 grains weight (55.89 g). 2-The plants of the genotypes of wheat grown seed rates densities showed significant differences among them in the studied traits, where the plants grown at a seeding rate of (180 kg. ha-1),record the high rate number of spikes/m2 (506.2 spikes), grain yield (8.898 mcg ha-1), biological yield (23.31 mcg ha-1) and harvest index (38.23%) The percentage of protein (11.98%). While the planting plants under seeding rates (140 kg.ha-1) led to the highest rate of the flag leaf area (53.85 cm2), the number of grains per spike (38.42 grains/spike) and the weight of 1000 grains (52.71 g). 3-The effect of the interactions between genotypes and seeding rates was significantly in most of the studied traits, as the genotype (Babylon-32) with seeding rate (180 kg.ha-1) achieved superiority in the number of tillers (639.3 m2), number of spikes (555.7 m2), and the yield Biological (24.72 Mg.ha-1) The percentage of protein (14.75%). Whereas, the genotype (Babel-86) with the seeding rate (180 kg.ha-1) outperformed the grain yield (9.400 mcg.ha-1) and the harvest index (41.18%). 4-The values of heritability in the broad sense of seeding rate (140 kg ha-1) were high for the characteristics of the number of spikes (69.4%), the weight of 1000 grains (85.6%) and the number of days from planting to 50% of flowering (94.4%), and medium for the harvest index (51.9%), plant height (54.3%), and number of tillers (55.9%), while it was low for the characteristic of the flag leaf area (18.0%), grain yield (22.1%) and the number of grains per spike (29.7%). The values of heritability in the broad sense of seeding rate (160 kg ha-1) were high for plant height (86.5%), number of grains per spike (73.3%), weight of 1000 grains (83.5%), number of tilierc (53.1%) and number of days from sowing to 50%. Flowering (54.2%), flag leaf area (54.8%), low for harvest index (18.6%) and number of spikes (26.2%). Grain yield (18.3%). While the values of heritability in the broad sense of plant density (180 kg ha-1), were high for 1000 grain weight (86.4%), plant height (87.5%), number of grains per spike (88.3%), number of days from sowing to 50% flowering (92.6%), and number of seeds per spike (92.6%). mediums for number (46.9%), the flag leaf area (53.0%), harvest index (57.1%) and the number of spikes (59.8%), were low only for grain yield (27.8%). 5-The expected genetic improvement values as a percentage of the average for seed rates (140, 160 and 180 kg.ha-1) were low for most traits, including grain yield (0.28, 0.25 and 0.52%) and the number of grains per spike (1.37 and 3.96, 3.69%), flag leaf area (2.0, 6.34, and 5.80%), harvest index (2.75, 0.90, 2.25%), weight of 1000 grains (5.43, 0.41, 4.55%), and plant height (5.38, 9.20, 8.68 %), and the number of days from planting to 50% flowering (7.23, 3.63 and 6.62%) respectively. While the seeding rate (140 kg.ha-1) recorded a medium value for the number of tillers (20.04%), and a high value for the number of spikes (35.58%). As for the seeding rate (160 kg.ha-1), it gave an value for the number of spikes (12.27%) and the number of tillers (20.80%). The values of genetic improvement of seeding rate (180 kg.ha-1) were high for the number of tillers (32.20%) and the number of spikes (38.68%).