تاثيربعض العوامل الاحيائية والمستحثة في مرض العفن الرمادي Botrytis cinereaعلى الطماطة والباذنجان

Abstract

Summary The field survey of gray mold disease of different vegetable crops under green house agriculture in different regions of Iraqi (Baghdad, Anbar, Babil, Salah Eldin), showed that the disease incidence ranged from 18-43%. Also, Isolation and diagnostic showed that the B. cinerea was associated for all samples of field surveys. Pathogenicity tests indicated on seeds of cauliflower showed that all isolates of B. cinerea reduction of seed germination was rate ranging between 41 – 68% compared with control treatment ,which was rate germination 86%. Pathogenicity tests of some isolates of B. cinerea on different crops leaves plant’s on (PDA) that revealed between 16 – 51% compared with the control treatment with a rate of infection area 0 %. Estimated ability tests showed using double planting for some isolated Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride against B. cinerea, that most isolates effect was T. harzianum (Bioconte). In addition, the tests volatile substances to the same isolates T. harzianum and T. viride ( PDA) that T. harzianum highest inhibition rate against B. cinerea which reached 77%. The effects of different concentrations (150, 250, 500, 750) mg/L. of Salcylic Acid of inhibition B. cinerea growth on (PDA) (33,3% 55,5% ,100% 100% respectively), while the use of Sodium Bicarbonate, Ascorbic Acid and Neem extract did not any growth inhibition of B. cinerea in all concentrations. Susceptibility of three tomato varieties (Wijdan, Kanze, Shahera) and three eggplant varieties (Barcelona, Jawaher, Houser) to B. cinerea showed that the most susceptible was tomato( Wijdan variety) was with infection rate 83, 33% and severity 56%. Eggplant, Barcelona was the most susceptible variety with infection rate 66, 66% and severity of 35%. The results of the influence of certain transactions (Salcylic Acid ,Ascorbic Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate, Paraffin wax, Biofolor Care, the treatment of fungicide treatment Topsin-m. and comparative treatment contaminated by fungus pathogen only. All the used treatment showed significant reduction on infection rate and severity in gray mold disease, the best treatment was Topsin-m then Biofolar Care, was rate of incidence and severity of tomato 33.33% and 20.3%, respectively, compared with 87.50% and 55.8%, respectively, for the control treatment of contaminated with B. cinerea. And showed same treatment with eggplant reduction in the rate of incidence and severity 33.33% and 18.17%, respectively, compared with B. cinerea which was 66.67% and 53%, respectively. All the used treatment, achieved an increasing the number of flowers, fruite , fruite set %, length of Tomato and eggplant. The consequences for using different spraying methods (B1 = contaminated fungus B. cinerea B2 = transactions spray + transactions contaminated fungus B. cinerea and B3 = B2 + spray transactions after 5 days fungus B. cinerea and B4 = B3 + spray transactions within 10 days from the previous shoots) the best methods of spraying transactions was B4.The used of B4 reduced the infection and its severity on tomato 33.33% and 21.22%, respectively. It increased in the number of flowers, fruits, and the percentage of fruite set % total vegetative length (31.62, 21. 66 and 65.80%, 168.77 cm respectively, also it showed similar effect on Eggplant with incidence and severity, flowers number, fruits number, fruite set %,plant length (33.33, 20.88, 17.96, 12.85, 70.64,% 95.77) cm respectively. results of interaction between the coefficients all treatment and spray methods indicate that the best interaction was between Biofolar Care and B4 showed a reduction of infection and severity in tomato 16. 67% and 9% respectively as this interaction has increased the number of flowers, , fruite set %, length (30.36 and 83.36% and 178 cm respectively). Biofolar Care & B4 interaction had an impact in reducing the infection and its severity with increasing the number of flowers, fruit, fruite, (fruite set %), length in Eggplant (16.67%, 10% and 21, 15, , 66.70% and 93 cm, respectively. The effects of biological control using T. harzianum , T. viride , achieved a reduction in the rate of infection and severity of gray mold infection with increasing the number of flowers, number of fruite , of (fruite set %), length of vegetative comparative treatment contaminated by fungus pathogen only.