Engineering applications of the Ground Penetrating Radar method in Fallujah city

Abstract

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology has been used in Fallujah, Anbar Governorate as a non-destructive, fast, low cost and powerful method in detecting any change in the components of subsurface materials which can therefore be applied in urban and facility areas. The main objective of this study is to simulate shallow geometry probe GPR data obtained by 250 and 500 MHz antennas. . This work is carried out in five different sites, in each site, 5 lines were selected, and the length and directions of the lines vary from site to site, and the distance between the lines is 5 meters. The collected GPR data was imported and processed using ReflexWTM which is a standalone package program that can import a range of different data types. Depending on the type of antenna, the penetration depth ranges from 3 to 6 meters in the study area. Various buried objects, areas of weakness, and voids were detected at shallow depths. And the discovery of areas of weakness is represented by the fragility of soil and shallow groundwater, which affects the foundations of civil buildings in the city. After processing the radar data, an anomaly was detected at each survey site. Due to the shallower contact and greater contrast between the loose and compacted soil layers, the first interface becomes more visible in all antenna profiles at 250 and 500 MHz. A characteristic reflection also appears after interpretation of the GPR data and is believed to represent buried objects close to the surface. Due to the shallowness of groundwater and its ascent near the surface, many areas of weakness show, represented by voids