دراسة مختبرية وحقلية لإحجام مختلفة من بذور اربعة أصناف من محصول الحنطة منتجة من محطتين بحثيتين

Abstract

a Abstract A field study was conducted at the Seeds Testing and Certification laboratory in Wasit governorate and four field experiments at the Alsaouira Research Station, 50 km south of Baghdad, during the winter seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, to study the effect of different sources of receipt (Zubaidia station and Latifia station) and seed sizes of three different sizes (small seeds, medium seeds and large seeds) in the characters of seeds qualities, activity, seed vigor, characters of growth and yield of several cultivars of Iraqi wheat (Abu Ghraib, Ipa 99, Tammuz and Alrasheed). The results of the statistical analysis were as follows: Laboratory experiment The results of statistical analysis showed a significant effect among the seeds receiving stations treatments in the length of radicle and seeds vigor index, in the laboratory experiment only, the seeds which received from Zubaydiah station gave the highest average radicle length and seeds vigor. Also the results showed significant effect of cultivars in the characters of germination, the seeds of cultivars Ipa 99 and Alrasheed were superior in characters of in the first count of germination, coefficient of velocity of germination, plumule, length and wet weight of seedling but the two cultivars did not differ significantly between them in this characters. While the seeds of the Alrasheed cultivar significantly exceeded compared to other cultivars in the characters of germination percent in the final count, the radical length, the dry weight of seedling and seeds vigor index. The results showed that there was a significant effect of seeds sizes in the studied characters of the laboratory experiment. The large seeds improved the first count of germination, radical length, plumule length, seedling dry weight and seed vigor index. The large and medium seeds were superiors in germination percent, the final count and wet weight of seedling compared to small seeds size treatment without a significant difference between them. First field experiment (seed emergence) The results showed that there was a significant effect among seed receiving stations treatments in some characters of emergence in both seasons of the experiment. The seeds which received from Zubaidia station gave the lowest average time for emergence in the first season, the highest dry weight of b seedlings in second season and the highest dry weight for the two seasons, while the seeds which obtained from Latifia station were superior and gave the lowest average time for the emergence in second season and the highest coefficient of velocity of germination in second season of the experiment. Also the results showed a significant effect among the cultivars treatments in most characters of emergence, the cultivars of Ipa 99 and Alrasheed were superiors without significant differences between them which gave the lowest time to first day of emergence in second season and last day of emergence in first season only. Also they gave highest percent of field emergence, plumule length and wet weight of seedling in both seasons and seedling vigor index in second season. Alrasheed cultivar was significantly superior compared to the other varieties in the radical length and the dry weight of seedling in both seasons, and the seedling vigor index in second season only. The results showed that there were significant differences between seed sizes treatments in most characters. The large seeds significantly exceeded in both seasons in most of characters such as the time to first day of emergence, the percentage of emergence, the length of plumule, the dry weight of seedling and the seedling vigor index in both seasons, and the last day of emergence in the second season, The large and medium seeds were superior in characters of last day of emergence in first season, without significant differences between them and in radical length of seedling and the wet weight of seedling in the first season and in the second season. The small seeds also exceeded in total time to field emergence and did not differ significantly with the medium seeds in second season only. Second field experiment (growth and yield) The results showed that there was a significant effect among the seed receiving stations in some growth and yield characters in both seasons of the experiment. The treatment of seeds which received from Zubaidia station gave highest tillers number in second season, while the seeds obtained from Latefia receiving station gave the highest plant height in second season. flag leaf area, spike length, weight of 1000 grains, seeds protein percent, in first season, and the number of grains per spike in both seasons. The results showed that there were significant differences between the cultivars in most of growth and yield characters, the Alrasheed cultivar was superior without significant difference compared to cultivars of Ipa 99 and Abu Ghraib in c period of grain filling in first season, the cultivars Ipa99 and Alrasheed were superiors (without significant difference between them) in leaves content of Chlorophyll, flag leaf area in second season, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield and biomass in both seasons, also the harvest index in the second season and the percent of seeds protein in first season. also the cultivar of Alrasheed was significantly superior compared to others cultivars in plant height and spike length in both seasons, weight of 1000 grains in second season, flag leaf area and harvest index in first season, Ipa 99 was significantly superior in number of tillers per plant and the number of grains per spike in (2952 tillers m-2 and 53.56 grain spike-1), respectively, second season, but did not differ significantly compared to cultivar of Abu Ghraib in number of spikes per plant. The cultivars Alrasheed and Abu Ghraib were superiors without significant differences between them) in the percent of grains protein in second season. The results of the experiment showed a significant effect of seeds sizes in most studied characters. The plants which obtained from the large seeds were significant in number of days from planting to 75% flowering, number of days from planting to physiological maturity, plant height, leaves content of chlorophyll, flag leaf area, number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant, spike length, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains, grains yield, biomass and harvest index in both seasons, but it did not differ significantly compared to the plants resulting from the cultivation of medium size seeds in the spike length in first season.