Developing Spectrophotometric Method for Some Amino Drugs determination and Study of Their Effect on ALP Activity

Abstract

The present work is divided into three chapters. Chapter one: Includes a brief review of the drugs under study [Phenylephrine (PHE), Bromohexine (BRH) and Tenoxicam (TNX), and Ranitidine (RAN)]and their analytical methods for determination described in chapter one. Then a brief review on the principle of ion pair reaction, cloud point extractions (CPE), dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) and direct extraction. Finally, the chapter ended with the aim of the present work. Chapter two: Describes the experimental part for the development of a new analytical method for the determination of the above studied drugs. This includes the chemicals and instruments used throughout the work as well as a description of the general procedure for the preparation of the standard stock solutions, a procedure for the optimization of conditions and general procedures for the determination of the studied drugs. Chapter three: Was divided into four parts. Part I: This part includes the development of a spectroscopy method for the determination of phenylephrine and Bromohexine based on ion pair reactions with alizarine yellow reagent. in acidic media. Tenoxicam and Ranitidine were reacted with 2-hydroxy propyl beta cyclodextrin(2-HPβCD) in suitable media. The color of the produced was yellow with maximum wavelengths 430, 480,385 and 330 nm from phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. The concentration ranges that obey Beer's law by direct extraction were 1 to 20 μg/mL for phenylephrine, bromohexine and 1 to 45 μg/mL for tenoxicam and ranitidine. Correlation coefficients (R2 ) 0.997,0.997, 0.998, and 0.999 from phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and VI Ranitidine, respectively. Molar absorptivity 14459.9,16504.0,2200.8,6072.88 L/mol.cm and a detection limit 0.34, 0.0814, 0.60, 0.17 μg/mL for phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. Part II: Cloud point extraction (CPE) was employed for the trace determination of the produced from the studied drugs followed by measuring the absorbance of the yellow color with λmax of 430, 480,385, and 330 nm for phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. The concentration ranges that obey Beer's law were (1 – 35) μg/mL for phenylephrine, bromohexine, and tenoxicam and (1-20) μg/mL for ranitidine drug. Correlation coefficients (R2 ) 0.999,0.995,0.996 and 0.996 from phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. Molar absorptivity 4073.2,13202.88,1572.0,1572.0 L/mol.cm, and limit of the detection (LOD) 0.065, 0.141,0.164, and 0.17 μg/mL respectively. Part III: DLLME was used to determine the trace of ion pair from the studied drugs, by use optimal conditions, followed by measurement of absorption of colors at λ max 430, 480,385, and 330 nm for phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. The concentration ranges that obey Beer's law were (1 – 13) μg/mL for phenylephrine, ranitidine and (1-23), (1-21) μg/mL for bromohexine, and tenoxicam, respectively. correlation coefficients (R2 ) 0.996,0.998,0.996, and 0.998 for phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. Molar absorptivity 12423.3, 23930.2, 2515.2, and 25303.2 L.mol-1 .cm-1 from phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) 0.094, 0.055, 0.079, and 0.04 μg/mL from phenylephrine, Bromohexine, Tenoxicam, and Ranitidine, respectively. VII part IV: The activity of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme was also studied on one of the studied compounds, bromohexine hydrochloride, and the azo compound formed from the same drug. The ability of the enzyme ALP to inhibit the drug and the azo compound was evaluated significantly, indicating the importance of the drug in the enzymatic activity.